VKF_FRAE_2018_uyg11

VakıfBank Annual Report 2018 153 CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION OF PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED UNCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ORIGINALLY ISSUED IN TURKISH, SEE NOTE I. OF SECTION THREE TÜRKİYE VAKIFLAR BANKASI TÜRK ANONİM ORTAKLIĞI AND ITS FINANCIAL SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE UNCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 (Amounts expressed in thousands of Turkish Lira (“TL”) unless otherwise stated.) Loans Loans are financial assets that have fixed or determinable payments terms and are not quoted in an active market. Loans are initially recognized at acquisition cost plus transaction costs presenting their fair value and thereafter measured at amortized cost using the “Effective Interest Rate (internal rate of return) Method”. As of January 1, 2018 loans of the Bank are retained under the “Measured at Amortized Cost” accounts due to holding loans in scope of a business model for the collection of contractual cash flows and contractual terms of loans that leads to cash flows representing solely payments of principal and interest at certain date. VIII. INFORMATION ON EXPECTED LOSS PROVISIONS As of January 1, 2018, the Bank recognize provisions for impairment in accordance with TFRS 9 requirements according to the “Regulation on the Procedures and Principles for Classification of Loans by Banks and Provisions to be set aside” published in the Official Gazette dated June 22, 2016 numbered 29750. In this framework, as of December 31, 2017, method of provisions for impairment as set out in accordance with the related legislation of BRSA is changed by applying the expected credit loss model under TFRS 9. Expected credit loss model is applied to financial assets measured at amortized cost or financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (e.g. placements, loans and leasing receivables), loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The expected credit loss estimates are required to be unbiased, probability-weighted, considering the time value of money and including supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. It is possible to perform the expected credit loss calculations in accordance with TFRS 9, with three main parameters for each loan. Exposure at Default (EAD), Loss Given Default (LGD), Probability of Default (PD). Expected Credit Loss (ECL) Calculation - Input and Forecasting Methodologies Exposure at Default (EAD): Represents the amount of risk on the default date of the borrower in case of default. According to TFRS 9 in calculating EAD, the estimation of how customer risk rating changes over time is important. Amount of EAD for cash and non-cash loans are calculated in different ways. Cash loans are divided into two parts as loans with payment plan and loans without payment plan. For loans with payment plan, EAD is calculated by considering the installments to be paid in the future. For cash loans without payment plan, EAD is calculated by keeping credit balance constant. For non-cash loans and limit commitments EAD is calculated by regarding to credit conversion factor and behavioral maturity periods. Loss Given Default: The ratio that provides the uncollectable amount of the loans in the process after the default. The LGD ratio is the division of the uncollectable amount of a defaulted loan into the defaulted loan amount. This ratio enables to predetermine the risks in the case of default for the active credit portfolio and allows for provision under TFRS 9. In LGD methodology, all non-performing loans amounts and long term collection process has been taken into account and LGD rate is calculated after deducting net collections amounts from the default amount and discounted with effective interest rates or approxiamate rate over the net amounts with an approximate value. For corporate and retail portfolios, different LGD calculations are performed. Since the dragging effect, LGD rates in corporate portfolios are considered on customer basis. For retail portfolios, LGD rates are considered on credit basis. In order to differentiate variable risk characteristics in accordance with TFRS 9, individual and corporate segments are divided into its own LGD ratios according to different risk factors. Probability of Default(PD): Represents the probability of default of the debtor in a defined time lag in the future.