VKF_FRAE_2017

CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION OF PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED UNCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ORIGINALLY ISSUEDIN TURKISH, SEE NOTE I. OF SECTION THREE TÜRKİYE VAKIFLAR BANKASI TÜRK ANONİM ORTAKLIĞI EXPLANATIONS AND NOTES RELATED TO THE UNCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (Amounts expressed in thousands of Turkish Lira (“TL”) unless otherwise stated.) PART III: FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 170 VakıfBank Annual Report 2017 II. CREDIT RISK Credit risk is defined as the counterparty’s possibility of failing to fulfil its obligations on the terms set by the agreement. Credit risk means risks and losses that may occur if the counterparty fails to comply with the agreement’s requirements and cannot perform its obligations partially or completely on the terms set. It covers the possible risks arising from futures and option agreements and other agreements alike and the credit risks arising from credit transactions that have been defined by the Banking Law. In compliance with the articles 51 and 54 set forth in Banking Law and ancillary regulation, credit limits are set by the Bank for the financial position and credit requirements of customers within the authorization limits assigned for branches, regional directorates, lending departments, assistant general manager responsible of lending, general manager, credit committee and board of directors and credits are given regarding these limits in order to limit credit risk in lending facilities. Credit limits are determined separately for the individual customer, company, group of companies, risk groups on a product basis. In accordance with the related Lending Policy, several criteria are used in the course of determining these credit limits. Customers should have a long-standing and a successful business past, a high commercial morality, possess a good financial position and a high morality, the nature of their business should be appropriate to use the credit , possess their commercial operations in an affirmative and a balanced manner, have experience and specialization in their profession, be able to adopt themselves to the economic conditions, to be accredited on the market, have sufficient equity capital, possess the ability to create funds with their operations and finance their placement costs. Also the sector and the geographical position of customers, where they operate and other factors that may affect their operations are considered in the evaluation process of loans. Apart from ordinary intelligence operations, the financial position of the customer is mainly analyzed based on the balance sheets and the income statements provided by the loan customer, the documents received in accordance with the related regulation for their state of accounts and other related documents. Credit limits are subject to revision regarding the overall economic developments and the changes in the financial information and operations of the customers. Collaterals for the credit limits are determined on a customer basis in order to ensure bank placements and their liquidity. The amount and type of the collateral are determined regarding the creditworthiness of the credit users. The Bank holds collateral against loans and advances to customers in the form of mortgage interests over property, other registered securities over assets, and guarantees. The Bank has risk control limits for derivative transaction (futures, options, etc.) positions, which effects credit risk and market risk. For credit risk management purposes, Risk Management Department operates in • the determination of credit risk policies in coordination with the Bank’s other units, • the determination and monitoring of the distribution of concentration limits with respect to sector, geography and credit type, • the contribution to the formation of rating and scoring systems, • the submit to the Board of Directors and the senior management of not only credit risk management reports about credit portfolio’s distribution (borrower, sector, geographical region), credit quality (impaired loans, credit risk ratings) and credit concentration but also scenario analysis reports, stress tests and other analyses, • the studies regarding the formation of advanced credit risk measurement approaches. Credit risk is defined and managed for all cash and non-cash agreements and transactions, which carry counterparty risk. Loans with renegotiated terms are followed in accordance with Bank’s credit risk management and follow-up principles. The financial position and trading operations of related customers are continuously analyzed and principal and interest payments, scheduled in renegotiation agreement, are strictly controlled by related departments. In the framework of Bank’s risk management concept, long term commitments are accepted more risky than short term commitments. Besides, risk limits defined for long term commitments and collaterals that should be taken against long term commitments are handled in a wider range compared to short term commitments.